Ngenyanga yeNdlovana mhla tinge-20, 2023, i-Ejensi Yekuvikela Imvelo yase-US (i-EPA) yamemetela kukhishwa kwemtsetfo lohlongotwako ngaphasi kweSigaba 6(a) seMtsetfo Wekulawula Tintfo Letinebuthi (i-TSCA) lovimbela kusetjentiswa lokunyenti kwe-methylene chloride. I-EPA yasho kutsi kuhlolwa kwayo kwebungoti lokungakacinisekiswa kwe-dichloromethane bekubangelwa bungoti lobuhambisana netisebenti, bantfu labangasebentisi labafundzele umsebenti (ema-ONU), batsengisi, kanye nalabo labasedvute nekusetjentiswa kwebatsengisi. I-Ejensi Yekuvikela Imvelo ikhombe ingoti yemiphumela lemibi yemphilo yebantfu ngekuphefumula kanye nekuchayeka kwesikhumba ku-methylene chloride, kufaka ekhatsi buthi betinzwa, imiphumela esibindini, kanye nemdlavuza. I-EPA itsi umtsetfo wayo lohlongotwako wekulawula bungoti “utawunciphisa ngekushesha” kukhicitwa kwe-methylene chloride, kucubungula kanye nekusabalalisa kubo bonkhe batsengisi kanye nekusetjentiswa lokunyenti kwetimboni netekutsengisa, lokunyenti kwako kutawufezeka ngalokuphelele kungakapheli tinyanga letingu-15. I-EPA yaphawula kutsi ekusetjentisweni lokunyenti kwe-dichloromethane, itawuphakamisa kutsi ivinjelwe. Kuhlatiya kukhombise kutsi letinye tindlela te dichloromethane letinetindleko letifanako kanye nekusebenta kahle tivame kutfolakala. Uma lomtsetfo lohlongotwako sewushicilelwe ku-Federal Register, sikhatsi sekuphawula semalanga lange-60 sitawucala.
Ngaphansi kweluhlaka lwenguqulo yemtsetfo lohlongotwako ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Sigaba 6(b), i-EPA incume kutsi i-methylene chloride ibeka ingoti lengakacabangeki yekulimata imphilo, kungakhatsaliseki kutsi tindleko noma letinye tintfo letingekho engotini, kufaka ekhatsi ingoti lengakacabangeki etimeni tekusetjentiswa (COU) kulabo labakhonjwe njengalabo labangaba khona noma labangaba khona. kuhlolwa kwebungoti be-chloride. Kucedza bungoti lobungakacabangeki, i-EPA incoma, ngekuhambisana neSigaba 6(a) se-TSCA:
I-EPA itsi onkhe ema-COU e-TSCA e-dichloromethane (ngaphandle kwekusetjentiswa kwayo kumapendi ebatsengi kanye netisusa pende, letisebenta ngekwehlukana ngaphansi kweSigaba 6 se-TSCA (84 Fed. Reg. 11420, Mashi 27, 2019)) ancike kulokuniketa. Ngekuya kwe-EPA, i-TSCA ichaza ema-COU njengetimo letilindzelekile, letatiwako, noma letibonakalako ngendlela lefanele lapho khona ikhemikhali ikhicitwa, icubungulwa, isabalaliswa, isetjentiswa, noma ilahlwe ngenhloso yekutsengisa. I-EPA icela ummango kutsi uphawule ngetincenye letehlukahlukene talesiphakamiso.
Ngekusho kwesimemetelo setindzaba se-EPA, i-EPA yakhulumisana ne-Occupational Kuphepha Nemphilo Yekulawula (i-OSHA) ekwakheni umtsetfo lohlongotwako “futsi yacabanga ngetidzingo letikhona te-OSHA ekwakheni kuvikelwa kwetisebenti lokuhlongotwako.” tidzingo tekucedza bungoti lobungakacabangeki. Bacashi batawuba nemnyaka munye wekulandzela i-WCPP ngemuva kwekutsi i-EPA ikhiphe imitsetfo yekugcina yekulawula bungoti futsi kutawudzingeka kutsi bagadze tindzawo tabo tekusebenta njalo kucinisekisa kutsi tisebenti atihlaselwa yi-methylene chloride, lengaba nebungoti lobungakacabangeki.
I-EPA “icela sive kutsi sibuyekete lomtsetfo lohlongotwako futsi sinikete imibono yaso.” I-EPA yatsi “inesitsakatelo lesikhulu sekuva imibono yetinhlangano letidzingekako kute kufezekiswe loluhlelo loluhlongotwako mayelana nekutsi tidzingo tekuvikela tisebenti letihlongotwako tingakhonakala yini futsi tisebente kahle.” EPA, itawubamba i-webinar levulekile yebacashi netisebenti emavikini latako, “kepha itawuba lusito kunobe ngubani lofuna umbono jikelele wetinyatselo tekulawula letiphakanyisiwe kute kucocwe ngetinhlelo letiphakanyisiwe.” .
Bergeson & Campbell, PC (B&C®) ubiketela sicondziso setindlela tekulawula te-methylene chloride letiphakanyisiwe te-EPA kanye netindlela letinkhulu tekulawula. Umtsetfo lohlongotwako we-EPA uyahambisana netincomo tawo kumtsetfo lohlongotwako wekulawula bungoti be-chrysotile, kufaka ekhatsi tindlela tekulawula letiphakanyisiwe tekuvimbela kusetjentiswa, letinye tindlela letibalulekile tekulawula tekusetjentiswa ngesikhatsi lesincane ngaphansi kwe-TSCA Sigaba 6(g) (sib., kuphepha kwavelonkhe kanye nesakhiwonchanti lesibucayi) kanye nekuveta umkhawulo wamanje we-EL kahle) imikhawulo yekuchayeka emsebentini. Ngentansi, sifingqa tindzaba letinyenti emalunga emmango lolawulwako lafanele kutsi aticabangele uma alungiselela imibono yemmango mayelana nemitsetfo lehlongotwako lephakanyisiwe, futsi sikhumbute wonkhe umuntfu ngekubaluleka kwekuhlanganyela ne-EPA kusenesikhatsi etinyatselweni letingakacondziswa kuniketa lwati ngemsebenti wekulawula kuletimo. Imitsetfosimiso, kufaka ekhatsi i-TSCA.
Ngekubuka sicondziso lesisha senchubomgomo ye-EPA lenendlela “yemakhemikhali laphelele”, asimangali kubona kutsi sento sekulawula lesiphakanyisiwe se-EPA “kuvimbela kusetjentiswa lokunyenti kwe-dichloromethane etimbonini nasekutsengiseni.” Kepha, i-EPA iniketa lenye indlela lenkhulu yekulawula kuvumela kusetjentiswa lokutsite lokuphakanyisiwe lokuvinjelwe kutsi kuchubeke ngekuya ngekulandzela i-WCPP. Sikhuluma ngaloko ngobe Sigaba 6(a) se-TSCA sitsi i-EPA kufanele “isebentise tidzingo tekucedza bungoti lobungakacabangeki ngendlela ledzingekako kute lekhemikhali nobe leyo ngcucuko ingabe isaletsa bungoti lobunjalo.” Uma ngabe i-WCPP lene-ECEL ivikela imphilo kanye nemvelo, njengobe kukhutsatwa yi-EPA, kungabonakala shengatsi kuvinjelwa kwekusetjentiswa lokutsite kuhamba ngetulu kwemtsetfo “welizinga lesidzingo”. Noma ngabe i-WCPP ivikela, kuvinjelwa lokukhona kwekusetjentiswa kwebatsengisi kusafanelekile ngoba batsengisi bangahle bangakhoni kukhombisa nekubhala kuhambisana netindlela tekuvikela letiku-WCPP. Ngakulolunye luhlangotsi, uma ngabe indzawo yekusebenta ingakhombisa futsi ibhale kuhambisana netidzingo te-WCPP, ngako-ke kungenteka kutsi kusetjentiswa lokunjalo kufanele kutsi kuchubeke kuvunyelwe.
Njengencenye yetidzingo te-WCPP, i-EPA yatsi kutawudzingeka “kulandzelwa kweMkhuba Lomuhle Welabhorethri [GLP] 40 CFR Incenye 792′′. Lesidzingo siphikisana nemitamo leminyenti yekugadza indzawo yekusebenta leyentiwa ngekuhambisana neluhlelo Lwekugunyatwa Kwemisebenti Yekuhlanteka Kwetimboni lwe-GLP te Luhlelo Lwekugunyatwa Kwemsebenti Lwe-GLP (IHLAP). kugadza kuhambisana nemyalo wekuhlola lokhishwe nga-2021, kepha hhayi umyalo wayo wekuvuma lowetayelekile Sibonelo, ithempulethi ye-oda le-EPA TSCA Sigaba 5(e) icacisa loku lokulandzelako kuSigaba III.D:
Kepha, kuhambisana ne-TSCA GLP akudzingeki kulesigaba lesisha seMikhawulo Yekuchayeka Kwemakhemikhali, lapho khona tindlela tekuhlatiya ticinisekiswa lilabhorethri leligunyatwe ngu: Inhlangano Yekuhlanteka Kwetimboni YaseMelika (“AIHA”) Luhlelo Lwekugunyatwa Kwelabhorethri Yekuhlanteka Kwetimboni (“IHLAP”). noma lolunye luhlelo lolufanako loluvunywe ngekubhala yi-EPA.
I-EPA icele imibono ngetincenye letitsite temtsetfo lohlongotwako, le-B&C lencoma kutsi emacembu langahle atsintseke ayicabangele. Sibonelo, i-EPA ikhuluma ngeligunya ngaphansi kwe-TSCA Sigaba 6(g) sekuniketa kukhululwa lokulinganiselwe kwesikhatsi setimo letitsite tekusebentisa letifana netindiza tesive, futsi i-EPA iphikisa kutsi kuhambisana netidzingo letiphakanyisiwe “kutawuphazamisa kakhulu...sakhiwonchanti lesibucayi.” “Sicaphela kutsi lokuyekeliswa kutawufaka ekhatsi kuhambisana ne-WCPP Ngendlela lefanako, nangabe i-WCPP ivikela futsi lesikhungo singahambisana ne-WCPP (sib. kusetjentiswa uma tindlela tekuvikela tingakeneli kubhekana nebungoti futsi kuvinjelwa kutawuphazamisa kakhulu imikhakha lebalulekile (sib. tekuvikela, temoya, sakhiwonchanti Kubonakala ngatsi kunendlela lefana neMtsetfosivivinyo weNhlangano Yebunye BeYurophu mayelana neKubhalisa, Kuhlola, Kugunyata kanye Nekuvimbela Emakhemikhali (i-REACH), lokuvimbela kutsi kube netindlela letincane). kwanele kuto tonkhe tindzawo kepha letivinjelwe Nanobe lendlela ingahle ikhange kubo bonkhe, kepha ngekubona kwetfu, ayihlangabetani neligunya leSigaba 6 se-EPA.
I-EPA icaphuna liphepha la-2022 lelinesihloko lesitsi “Kuhlola Letinye Tindlela Tekusebentisa I-Dichloromethane” (sikhombo 40 kulomtsetfo lohlongotwako) kuwo wonkhe lomtsetfo lohlongotwako. Kususelwa kulokuhlola, i-EPA yatsi “ikhombe imikhicito lecuketse titsako letinetilinganiso letitsite tekuhlola bungoti bekugcina letingaphansi kwe-dichloromethane kanye naletinye titsako letinetilinganiso tekuhlola bungoti letiphakeme kune-dichloromethane (ref. 40)”. Ngesikhatsi salekuphawula, i-EPA ayikayifaki lombhalo eLuhlwini Lwekuhlola Lwekwenta Umtsetfo, futsi i-EPA ayikawenti kutsi utfolakale ku-database yayo ye-inthanethi yeLucwaningo Lwetemphilo Netemvelo (i-HERO). Ngaphandle kwekuhlola imininingwane yalombhalo, akukhonakali kuhlola kufaneleka kwaletinye tindlela tekusetjentiswa ngamunye. Letinye tindlela tekukhipha pende tingase tingasebenti njengetinhlayiya, njengaleto letisetjentiselwa kuhlanta tincenye te-elekthronikhi letibucayi etindizeni.
Sikhulume ngekungabi khona kwemibhalo ngenhla ngoba tinhlangano letitsintsekile ngekuvinjelwa kwe-EPA lokuhlongotwako titawudzinga lolwati kute titfole kutsi letinye tindlela tingakhonakala yini ngekwebuchwepheshe, tihlole bungoti lobungaba khona baletinye tindlela letifanele (letingaholela ekutseni kutsatfwe tinyatselo tekulawula te-TSCA esikhatsini lesitako), futsi tilungiselele umbono wesive. . Siyacaphela kutsi i-EPA yase-US ikhuluma ngetindzaba letinjalo “letinye” emtsetfweni wayo lohlongotwako we-chrysotile, lofaka ekhatsi inhloso ye-EPA yase-US yekuvimbela kusetjentiswa kwe-chrysotile kuma-diaphragms lasetjentiswa embonini ye-chlor-alkali. I-EPA iyavuma kutsi “lobunye bucwepheshe bekukhicita ema-diaphragm lane-asbestos ekukhiciteni i-chlor-alkali bukhuphule tintfo letine-perfluoroalkyl kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) uma kucatsaniswa nelinani letinhlanganisela te-PFAS leticuketfwe kuma-asbestos lane-asbestos kepha kanye nebungoti betindlela letinye.
Ngetulu kwaletindzaba tekulawula bungoti letingenhla, sikholwa kutsi kuhlolwa kwe-Ejensi Yekuvikela Imvelo yase-US kwebungoti lobungaba khona lobuhambisana ne-dichloromethane kusanetikhala letibalulekile temtsetfo. Njengobe kucocwe ngako kumemo yetfu yaNovemba 11, 2022, i-EPA ikhuluma njalo ngekusebentisa kwayo umbhalo wa-2018 lonesihloko lesitsi “Kusebentisa Kuhlatiya Lokuhlelekile Ekuhloleni Bungoti Be-TSCA” (“Umbhalo We-SR wa-2018”) njengesisekelo sekucala kusebenta kwetibopho tayo. Lesidzingo sisebentisa idatha lencono kakhulu yesayensi lekhonako kanye nebufakazi besayensi njengobe kucaciswe eSigabeni 26(h) na (i) se-TSCA ngekulandzelana. Sibonelo, i-EPA itsi emtsetfweni wayo lohlongotwako we-methylene chloride kutsi:
I-EPA icabanga kutsi i-dichloromethane ECEL imelela isayensi lencono kakhulu lekhonako ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Sigaba 26(h) ngoba yatsatfwa elwatini lolutfolakele ekuhlolweni kwebungoti be-dichloromethane nga-2020, lokube ngumphumela wekuhlatiya lokuhlelekile lokuphelele lokwentiwa. luhlolo lwekutfola noma ngumiphi imiphumela lemibi lefanele yetemphilo. [dvwebela]
Njengobe sibhale ekucaleni, Tikhungo Tavelonkhe Tesayensi, Bunjiniyela Netekwelapha (i-NASEM) tibuyekete umbhalo we-SR wa-2018 ngesicelo se-EPA futsi taphetsa ngekutsi:
Indlela ye-OPPT yekubuyeketa lokuhlelekile ayikhombisi ngalokwenele liciniso, [futsi] i-OPPT kufanele icabangele kabusha indlela yayo yekubuyeketa lokuhlelekile futsi icabangele imibono netincomo leticuketfwe kulombiko.
Bafundzi bayakhunjutwa kutsi Sigaba 26(h) se-TSCA sidzinga kutsi i-EPA yente tincumo ngekuhambisana nesayensi lencono kakhulu lekhonako ngekuhambisana neTigaba 4, 5, na 6 te-TSCA, letifaka ekhatsi imigomo netindlela letifana nekubuyeketwa lokuhlelekile. Ngetulu kwaloko, kusetjentiswa kwe-EPA kwembhalo we-SR wa-2018 ekuhloleni kwayo kwekugcina kwebungoti be-dichloromethane kuphindze futsi kubeke kungabateka ngekuhambisana kwe-EPA netidzingo tebufakazi besayensi letibekwe esigabeni 26(i) se-TSCA, le-EPA leyihlukanisa njenge “ndlela yekuhlatiya lehlelekile noma manner yebufakazi” ku-evidence. ...”
Imitsetfo lemibili lephakanyiswe yi-EPA ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Sigaba 6(a), lokuyi-Chrysotile ne-Methylene Chloride, ibeka imitsetfo yemitsetfo yekulawula bungoti lephakanyisiwe yi-EPA yemakhemikhali lamakhulu lalishumi lasele i-EPA lecabanga kutsi abeka bungoti lobungakacabangeki. Leminye imibono isetjentiswa ekuhloleni bungoti bekugcina. Timboni letisebentisa letintfo kufanele tilungiselele kuvinjelwa lokutako, i-WCPP, noma kukhululwa lokulinganiselwe kwesikhatsi lokudzinga kulandzelwa kwe-WCPP. I-B&C incoma kutsi labatsintsekako babuyekete umtsetfo lohlongotwako we-methylene chloride, noma ngabe bafundzi abawusebentisi i-methylene chloride, futsi banikete imibono lefanele, babona kutsi tindlela tekulawula bungoti letiphakanyisiwe te-methylene chloride kungenteka kutsi tibe yincenye yalamanye emazinga e-EPA esikhatsini lesitako. umtsetfosivivinyo. Emakhemikhali lanekuhlolwa kwebungoti bekugcina (sib.
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