Lelucwencwe lwangaphandle lolunamatselako lwe fungi kanye nemagciwane, lolubitwa ngekutsi yi “extracellular matrix” noma iECM, lunekuvumelana kwe jelly futsi lusebenta njengelucwencwe lwekuvikela kanye neligobolondvo. Kodvwa ngekusho kwelucwaningo lwamuva encwadzini letsi iScience, lolwentiwe yiNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts Amherst ngekubambisana neSikhungo Setebucwepheshe saseWorcester, i-ECM yaletinye tilwanyana letincane yakha ijeli kuphela nangabe kune-oxalic acid nobe letinye ti-esidi letilula. Ngenca yekutsi i-ECM idlala indzima lebalulekile kuko konkhe kusuka ekumelaneni nema-antibiotic kuya kumaphayiphi lavalekile kanye nekungcoliswa kwetintfo tekwelapha, kuvisisa kutsi tilwane letincane tiphatsa njani tincenye tato te-gel letinamatselako kunemitselela lebanti ekuphileni kwetfu kwamalanga onkhe.

Barry Goodell, longuphrofesa wetilwane letincane eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts Amherst futsi longumbhali lomkhulu waleliphepha watsi: “Bengisolo ngitsandza ema-ECM lakhiwe ngetintfo letincane. "Bantfu bavame kucabanga nge-ECM njengelucwencwe lwangaphandle loluvikelako loluvikela tilwanyana letincane. Kodvwa lungaphindze lusebente njengemsele wekukhipha umsoco kanye nema-enzyme langena nalaphuma emangcamuzaneni etintfo letincane."
Lesimbonyo sisebenta imisebenti leminyenti: kunamatsela kwaso kusho kutsi tintfo letincane ngamunye tingahlangana ndzawonye kwenta emakoloni noma “ema biofilms”, futsi uma tintfo letincane letenele tenta loku, tingavala emaphayiphi noma tingcolise tintfo tekwelapha.
Kepha leligobolondvo kumele liphindze libe nekuvumela: tintfo letincane letiningi tikhipha ema enzymes lahlukahlukene kanye naletinye tintfo letigucukako nge ECM, tibe yintfo letifuna kuyidla noma kutselela (njengetigodvo letibolile noma ticubu tetilwane letinemgogodla), bese, uma ema enzymes sekacedzile umsebenti wawo, umsebenti wekugaya – kubuyisela umsoco emuva nge ECM.
Loku kusho kutsi i-ECM akusiyo nje ungqimba lwekuvikela lolungasebenti; Ecinisweni, njengobe Goodell kanye nalabo labasebenta nabo bakhombisa, tilwanyana letincane tibonakala ngatsi tinemandla ekulawula kucina kwe-ECM yato ngako-ke kuvumelana kwayo. Bakwenta njani loko?
Ku fungi, lokukhishwako kubonakala ngatsi yi oxalic acid, i-esidi levamile yetilwane leyenteka ngekwemvelo etitjalweni letiningi, futsi, njengoba Goodell kanye nebalingani bakhe batfola, tilwane letincane letiningi tibonakala tisebentisa i-oxalic acid letiyikhiphako kutsi tibophe tincenye tangephandle tema carbohydrates. kwakha intfo lenamatselako. , i-ECM lefana ne-jelly.
Kepha ngesikhatsi lelicembu libuka edvute, batfola kutsi i-oxalic acid ayigcini nje ngekusita ekukhiciteni i-ECM, kepha futsi “iyayilawula”: lapho khona emagciwane afaka i-oxalic acid lenyenti kulengcucuko ye-carbohydrate-acid, i-ECM iba ne-viscous kakhulu. Lapho i-ECM iba ne viscous kakhulu, ivimba ema molecule lamakhulu kutsi angene noma aphume kule microbe, kantsi ema molecule lamancane ahlala akhululekile kutsi angene kule microbe asuka endzaweni futsi vice versa.
Lokutfolakala kuphikisa kuvisisa kwesayensi yendabuko kutsi tinhlobo letehlukene tetinhlanganisela letikhishwa sikhunta kanye nemagciwane titfola njani mbamba kusuka kuletintfo letincane tiye endzaweni. Goodell kanye nalabo labasebenta nabo baphakamisa kutsi ngaletinye tikhatsi tilwanyana letincane kungase kudzingeke kutsi titsembele kakhulu ekukhishweni kwema molecule lamancane kakhulu kwentela kuhlasela i-matrix noma ticubu lapho khona tilwanyana letincane tincike khona kutsi tiphile noma titseleleke. Loku kusho kutsi kukhishwa kwema molecule lamancane kungaphindze kudlale indzima lenkhulu ku pathogenesis uma ema enzymes lamakhulu angakhoni kudlula ku matrix ye extracellular yemagciwane.
Goodell watsi: “Kubonakala shengatsi kunendzawo lesemkhatsini lapho khona tilwanyana letincane tingakhona kulawula emazinga e-esidi kute tivumelane nendzawo letsite, tigcine letinye tetinhlayiya letinkhulu, njengema-enzyme, ngesikhatsi tivumela tinhlayiya letincane kutsi tidlule kalula ku-ECM. imitsi lebulala emagciwane, njengobe leminyenti yalemitsi inetinhlayiya letinkhulu kakhulu. Ngulelikhono lekuwenta ngekwemvelo lelingaba ngumkhiye wekuncoba sinye setihibe letinkhulu ekwelapheni kwemagciwane, njengoba kuphatsa kabi i-ECM kwentela kutsi ivumeleke kakhulu kungenta ncono kusebenta kwema antibiotics kanye nema antimicrobials.

“Nangabe singakhona kulawula i-biosynthesis kanye nekukhishwa kwema-esidi lamancane lafana ne-oxalate kumagciwane latsite, ngako-ke singaphindze silawule loko lokungena kulamagciwane, lokungasenta sikwati kwelapha kancono tifo letinyenti temagciwane,” kwasho Goodell.
Ngenyanga yeNgongoni 2022, sati setilwane letincane Yasu Morita watfola sibonelelomali lesivela eTikhungweni Tavelonkhe Tetemphilo kute asekele lucwaningo ekugcineni loluhlose kutfutfukisa tindlela letinsha, letiphumelelako tekwelapha sifo sesifuba.

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